WINNIE HU . NY Times . 29 january 2002
 The cold winds blowing through British farming are not helping anyone |
 Foot-and-mouth disease closed the countryside |
 Hares and other species are in retreat |
 Farming has had a wretched few years |
A "watershed" report into food production and farming in England has called for reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, arguing the current situation is unsustainable.
The Policy Commission on the Future of Farming and Food, chaired by Sir Donald Curry, recommends a sea change in the way agricultural subsidies are dispensed. The independent report calls for subsidies to be redirected from producing crops to protecting the countryside. It also recommends that supermarkets be encouraged to sell more locally produced food. Prime Minister Tony Blair welcomed the report saying that "the current situation benefits no-one: farmers, taxpayers, consumers or the environment".
The proposals have led to fears that food prices might be forced up. The president of the National Farmers' Union, Ben Gill, said he feared the proposals, if implemented, would effectively be "robbing Peter to pay Paul" - comments he made ahead of publication. Sir Donald Curry said his commission's vision was of an industry that "farms for profit, that is respected by the public, and that delivers positive benefits for the environment". "Tinkering around the edges will not solve the problem," he said. The commission was set up by Mr Blair last August, in the wake of the foot-and-mouth outbreak.
Wasted subsidies
Agriculture Secretary Margaret Beckett said she supported "wholeheartedly
the report's broad analysis and conclusions". She said her department
would work with the food and farming industries as it faced the changes.
"We will do our bit, but we can't do it alone," she said. "The
impetus must come from the industry, working within the food chain as
a whole." Mrs Beckett added that the burden on farmers must be "proportionate",
before announcing talks with leaders of the food and farming industries
beginning in March to decide how to proceed in the light of the report.
British farmers are deeply demoralised by the damage caused by foot-and-mouth,
and by the continuing tragedy of BSE ("mad cow disease") and
its human counterpart, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Many are suffering
economically and in other ways, despite the £2bn ($2.8bn) the UK
receives in direct payments under the European Union's common agricultural
policy (Cap). Consumers are increasingly concerned about the quality of
much of the food produced and its indirect costs: the Environment Agency
says intensive farming costs the UK £1.5bn ($2.1bn) annually in
damage to air, soil and water.
Agenda for reform
And wide swathes of the countryside are now devoid of many of the species
and features familiar a generation ago, including wild flowers, mammals,
birds and hedgerows. The commission's proposals include:
- paying subsidies not so much for producing crops but increasingly for conserving the countryside
- increasing organic farming substantially, as more than 70% of the organic food eaten in the UK is imported
- requiring farmers to have licences guaranteeing they will work the land in an environmentally friendly way before they can qualify for subsidies
- encouraging them to establish co-operatives and to use farmers' markets
- urging supermarkets to sell more food produced in their own localities.
The commission members recognise that only long-term Cap reform will produce the sort of farming they want to see. But they think there is room for improvement much sooner, by invoking an EU mechanism known as modulation.
Spreading the gains
That allows member states to transfer up to 20% of Cap subsidies away
from direct payments for crops and livestock, using them instead for agri-environment
and rural development. The UK is planning at the moment to modulate 4.5%
of its Cap payments. The commission is likely to say this should reach
10% by 2004, as a start. That would provide £200m ($281m), with
the UK expected to provide a matching amount itself.
But Mr Gill told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "Modulation is a system that was introduced into Britain last year. "It does not work, robs Peter to pay Paul, costs a lot to do and in the end the industry loses money and the environment doesn't gain." The chief executive of the Environment Agency, Baroness Barbara Young, said: "I would encourage farmers to really look at this report closely and recognise that to some extent we've seen signs over the past couple of years of British agriculture drinking in the last chance saloon." She added that the report presented a "real opportunity" for agriculture before suggesting that consumers were already paying more than they realised towards food production because of the Cap.